There has been 108 sightings of Asian hornets (Vespa velutina) in the UK since 2016. 56 (over half) of which were just last year, according to government figures. Asian hornets, also known as the yellow-legged hornets are a non-native predator. They can pose a threat to honeybees and other native pollinator insects in the UK.
After the earliest-ever sighting of the predatory insect in early March 2024 there are concerns that some Asian hornets have survived the winter here. DNA samples from hornets captured in traps installed by the National Bee Unit in Kent, showed they were the offspring from a nest destroyed in 2023. This DNA analysis now confirms invasive Asian hornets have survived a UK winter for the first time. Authorities are working to locate and destroy nests to prevent the establishment of a permanent UK population.
Asian hornets often arrive in the UK through shipping containers, imported plants or contaminated soil. However, some may make it across the Channel on favourable winds from France and the Channel Islands. Last year, most sightings were in Kent, but they have also been spotted in Devon, Dorset, Essex, Hampshire, London, Sussex, and Surrey.
Why are Asian hornets a concern?
Asian hornets are highly efficient predators and can decimate bee populations, in particular honeybees, which are vital pollinators. They hover near flowers and around hives, preying on bees. Asian hornets have no natural predators in the UK, so their presence is a great concern not only for beekeepers but for agriculture that needs our pollinators. They could also disrupt local ecosystems and harm other beneficial insects that support our wildflowers and native wildlife.
How aggressive are Asian hornets?
While not typically aggressive towards people, they can deliver a painful sting and like other hornets can sting repeatedly. Asian hornets pose no greater risk to human health than native European hornets. However, they can become aggressive when they perceive a threat to their nest. If you are unfortunate to get stung by an Asian hornet, this could be painful as their stingers are larger than the average hornet, and they often sting you repeatedly.
How can you identify an Asian hornet compared to a native hornet?
Not all hornets are Asian: The UK has native European hornets (Vespa crabro) which are slightly larger and are not a threat to bee colonies.
Asian hornets are smaller than native European hornets and can be identified by their bright, yellow-tipped legs and tarsal segments (feet). They have a black/deep brown velvety abdomen with a fine yellow band and only the fourth segment is almost entirely yellow/orange.
What to do if you see an Asian hornet
- Don’t panic! They are not usually aggressive unless provoked or they perceive their nest to be threatened.
- If possible, take a clear photo or video to aid identification without putting yourself in jeopardy.
- Report any sightings to the British non-native species secretariat: https://risc.brc.ac.uk/alert.php?species=asian_hornet
Vigilance is particularly important in southern England and Wales and around major ports. Asian hornets are active mostly between April and November (peak August/September) and are inactive over the winter.